Dissertation title: Panpsychism and the Problem of Mental Causation 

Committee Members: Eleonore Stump, John Heil, and Godehard Brüntrup

Abstract

The problem of how mental phenomena can influence the physical world has long puzzled philosophers. While we acknowledge the impact of our mental experiences on our actions, the principle of causal closure of the physical world presents a challenge. This principle suggests that physical events have solely physical causes, potentially disregarding the role of mental states. Thus, the problem of mental causation, also known as the ‘exclusion problem,’ arises, wherein independent psychological and physical explanations offer distinct causal accounts for the same action, potentially leading to systematic overdetermination.

In response to this problem, philosophers have explored various approaches. Most proposed solutions in the current literature have originated from two metaphysical camps: physicalism and dualism. However, both of these metaphysical worldviews encounter significant difficulties when addressing this issue.

Recently, a metaphysical theory called panpsychism, specifically ‘Panpsychist Russellian Monism’ (PRM), has emerged, shedding new light on the ontological status of mental entities in the world. PRM suggests a close interconnection between mental and physical entities, with a fundamental role attributed to phenomenal consciousness. It posits that mental entities form the basis for physical entities, where consciousness serves as a categorical foundation for the dispositional relations uncovered by physical sciences.

The research endeavors to investigate whether PRM offers a distinct solution to the problem of mental causation in comparison to physicalism and dualism. It explores the challenges faced by PRM and its potential for providing a more effective resolution. Through an examination of the interplay between mental and physical aspects, an investigation into the ontological status of mental entities, and the endeavor to bridge the explanatory gap, this research aims to construct a model of Panpsychist Russellian Monism. Such a model seeks to provide a unique and distinctive solution to the challenging problem of mental causation.